Kuvanhu vazhinji vakashandisa 8-bit makombiyuta epamba mukutanga kwema1980, kushandisa matepi ekaseti kuchengeta zvirongwa chaive chiyeuchidzo chisingaperi.Vanhu vakapfuma kwazvo chete ndivo vanogona kutenga dhisiki madhiraivha, saka kana iwe usingade zano rekumirira kuti kodhi itakure zvachose, saka iwe wabuda murombo.Nekudaro, kana iwe uine Sinclair Spectrum, ipapo panosvika 1983, une imwe sarudzo, yakasarudzika Sinclair ZX Microdrive.
Iyi fomati yakagadziridzwa mukati neSinclair Research.Iri chaizvo miniaturized vhezheni yekusingaperi loop tepi ngoro.Yakaonekwa mumhando ye8-track Hi-Fi kaseti mumakore gumi apfuura uye inovimbisa mheni-inokurumidza kurodha nguva.Sekondi uye yakakura kuchengetedza inodarika 80 kB.Varidzi veSinclair vanogona kufambidzana nevakomana vakuru munyika yekombuta yepamba, uye vanogona kuzviita pasina kutyora bhangi zvakanyanya.
Semufambi aidzoka kubva kumusasa wevapambi kumahombekombe, nekuda kwedenda, hurumende yeBritain yaida kuti ndigariswe ndega kwemavhiki maviri.Ndakazviita somuenzi waClaire.Claire ishamwari yangu uye anoitika sosi yeruzivo.Prolific 8-bit Sinclair hardware uye software muunganidzi.Paaitaura nezve Microdrive, haana kungotenga mimwe mienzaniso yemadhiraivha uye software, asiwo iyo interface system uye yekutanga boxed Microdrive kit.Izvi zvakandipa mukana wekuongorora nekubvisa sisitimu uye kupa vaverengi ruzivo runonakidza mune ichi chisina kujairika cheperipheral mudziyo.
Tora Microdrive.Iyo unit inoyera ingangoita 80 mm x 90 mm x 50 mm uye inorema isingasviki 200 magiramu.Iyo inotevera yakafanana Rich Dickinson dhizaini cues seyekutanga rabha kiyi Spectrum.Kumberi kune kuvhurwa kunosvika 32 mm x 7 mm yekuisa Microdrive tepi cartridges, uye parutivi rumwe norumwe rwekumashure kune 14-nzira PCB edge yekubatanidza yekubatanidza kuSpectrum uye daisy-chaining kuburikidza necustomer serial bhazi Imwe Microdrive. inopa ribhoni tambo uye majoini.Anosvika madhiraivha masere anogona kubatanidzwa nenzira iyi.
Panyaya yemitengo mukutanga 1980s, Spectrum yaive muchina waityisa, asi mutengo wekushandiswa kwayo waive wekuti yaibhadhara zvishoma kune yakavakirwa-mukati hardware interface kupfuura vhidhiyo yayo uye makaseti tepi ports.Kumashure kwayo kune chinongedzo chemupendero, icho chinoburitsa pachena mabhazi akasiyana eZ80, achisiya chero mamwe maficha akabatana kuburikidza nekuwedzera module.Muridzi weSpectrum anogona kunge aine Kempston joystick adapta nenzira iyi, muenzaniso uri pachena.Spectrum haina kugadzirwa neMicrodrive connector, saka Microdrive ine yayo pachayo.Sinclair ZX Interface 1 iyuniti yakaita seweji inobata nechekumucheto chekubatanidza paSpectrum uye yakakwenenzverwa kuzasi kwekombuta.Inopa Microdrive interface, RS-232 serial port, iri nyore LAN interface yekubatanidza inoshandisa 3.5 mm jack, uye Replica yeSinclair edge yekubatanidza ine mamwe mainterface akaiswa.Iyi interface ine ROM inozvigadzira pachayo kuSpectrum yemukati ROM, sezvatakataura pakabuda prototype Spectrum paCambridge Computing Nhoroondo Center, sezvatinoziva tese, haisati yapedzwa uye mamwe emabasa ayo aitarisirwa haasati aitwa.
Zvinonakidza kutaura nezve Hardware, asi hongu, iyi iHackaday.Iwe hausi kungoda kuiona, iwe unoda kuona kuti inoshanda sei.Iye zvino yave nguva yekuparadzanisa, isu tichatanga tavhura iyo Microdrive unit pachayo.Kungofanana neSpectrum, pamusoro pechishandiso chakafukidzwa neplate yearuminiyamu nhema ine iconic Spectrum logo, iyo inofanirwa kunyatsopatsanurwa kubva kune yasara simba reiyo 1980s inonamira kuburitsa maviri screw makesi anochengetedza chikamu chepamusoro.Kufanana neSpectrum, zvakaoma kuita izvi pasina kupeta aluminium, saka humwe hunyanzvi hunodiwa.
Simudza chikamu chepamusoro uye usunungure mutyairi we LED, iyo mechanical device uye redunhu bhodhi rinoonekwa mumunda wechiratidzo.Vaverengi vane ruzivo vanobva vangoona kufanana kuri pakati payo nekaseti hombe ye8-track audio.Kunyangwe ichi chisiri chinobva muhurongwa, chinoshanda nenzira yakafanana.Iyo michina pachayo iri nyore kwazvo.Kurutivi rworudyi kune micro switch iyo inonzwa kana tepi yabvisa chinyorwa chekudzivirira, uye kuruboshwe kune shaft yemotokari ine capstan roller.Pamugumo webhizimisi we tepi musoro we tepi, unotaridzika wakafanana chaizvo nezvaungawana mune kaseti rekodha, asi ine yakamanikana tepi gwara.
Kune maviri maPCB.Kuseri kwemusoro wetepi kune 24-pini tsika ULA (Uncommitted Logic Array, chaizvo yakatangira CPLD neFPGA muma1970s) yekusarudza nekushandisa madhiraivha.Imwe yacho yakabatana Kuzasi kwehafu yeimba iyo inogara maviri interface majoini uye mota switch yemagetsi.
Iyo tepi ndeye 43 mm x 7 mm x 30 mm uye ine inoenderera loop self-lubricating tepi ine kureba kwemamita mashanu uye kureba kwe1.9 mm.Ini handipe mhosva Claire nekusanditendera kuvhura imwe yemakaturiji ake echinyakare, asi nerombo rakanaka, Wikipedia yakatipa mufananidzo wekaturiji ine kumusoro yakavharwa.Kufanana ne8-track tepi kunobva kwabuda pachena.Iyo capstan inogona kunge iri kune rimwe divi, asi imwechete tepi loop inodyiswa kumashure kwepakati reel imwe.
ZX microdrive manual ine tarisiro yekuti kaseti yega yega inogona kubata 100 kB yedata, asi chokwadi ndechekuti kana mamwe ekuwedzera angoshandiswa, anogona kubata 85 kB uye kuwedzera kusvika kudarika 90 kB.Kwakanaka kutaura kuti havasi ivo vezvenhau vanovimbika zvikuru, uye matepi pakupedzisira akatambanudzwa kusvikira kupfundo apo aisagona kuraviwazve.Kunyange Sinclair Manual inokurudzira kutsigira matepi anowanzo shandiswa.
Iyo yekupedzisira chikamu cheiyo sisitimu ichabviswa ndeye interface 1 pachayo.Kusiyana nechigadzirwa cheSinclair, haina zvigadziriso zvakavigwa pasi pemakumbo erubha, saka kunze kwekushanda kusinganzwisisike kwekuparadzanisa pamusoro peimba kubva kuSpectrum edge connector, zviri nyore zvakare kuparadzanisa.Mukati mune machipisi matatu, Texas Instruments ROM, chiridzwa chepasi rose ULA pachinzvimbo cheFerranti chirongwa chinoshandiswa neSpectrum pachayo, uye zvishoma 74 pfungwa.ULA inosanganisira ese masekete kunze kwemidziyo yakasarudzika inoshandiswa kutyaira RS-232, Microdrive, uye network serial mabhazi.Sinclair ULA inozivikanwa nekupisa uye kuzvibikira, inova ndiyo inonyanya kutambudzika.Iyo interface pano haigone kushandiswa zvakawandisa, nekuti haina ULA radiator yakaiswa, uye hapana chekupisa chiratidzo pane kana kutenderedza goko.
Mutsara wekupedzisira we disassembly unofanirwa kunge uri bhuku rekushandisa, iro rinowanzonyorwa-yakanyatso kunyorwa vhoriyamu yakatetepa iyo inogona kupa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehurongwa uye kuti yakabatanidzwa sei mumuturikiri weBASIC.Iko kugona kwetiweki kunonyanya kunakidza nekuti haiwanzo kushandiswa.Inotsamira pane imwe neimwe Spectrum mune network kuti ibudise murairo wekuzvipa iyo nhamba kana yatanga, nekuti hapana Flash kana yakafanana memory pabhodhi.Izvi zvanga zvakagadzirirwa kuisa musika wechikoro semukwikwidzi weAcorn's Econet, saka hazvishamise kuti BBC Micro yakahwina kondirakiti yechikoro inotsigirwa nehurumende panzvimbo yemuchina weSinclair.
Kutanga muna 2020, tarisa kumashure kune iyi yakakanganwa tekinoroji yekombuta uye tarisa nyika umo 100 kB yekuchengetera svikiro inorodha mukati memasekondi masere pane maminetsi mashoma ekurodha tepi.Chiri kuvhiringidza ndechekuti Interface 1 haibatanidzi parallel printer interface, nekuti kutarisa iyo yakazara Spectrum system, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti yave yakakwana yehofisi yemba yekugadzira komputa nhasi, kusanganisira zvirokwazvo mutengo wayo.Sinclair anotengesa maprinta avo anopisa, asi kunyangwe ivo vanofarira Sinclair vane nyeredzi havakwanise kudaidza ZX printer nyowani.
Chokwadi ndechekuti, kufanana nevese maSinclairs, aive akabatwa nekuderedzwa kwemutengo waSir Clive uye kugona kwehungwaru kugadzira huchenjeri husingagoneke kubva kune zvisingatarisirwe zvikamu.Microdrive yakagadzirwa zvachose mumba naSinclair, asi pamwe yaive shoma, isingavimbike, uye yakanonoka.Yekutanga Apple Macintosh ine floppy drive yakabuda mukutanga 1984 seyakafanana chigadzirwa cheZX Microdrive.Kunyangwe matepi madiki aya akapinda muSinclair's ill-fated 16-bit muchina QL, zvakazove kukundikana kwekutengesa.Pavakangotenga midziyo yaSinclair, Amstrad yaizovhura Spectrum ine 3-inch floppy disk, asi panguva iyoyo Sinclair microcomputers dzaingotengeswa semitambo consoles.Uku kuputsa kunonakidza, asi pamwe zvakanakisa kusiya nendangariro dzinofadza dza1984.
Ndinotenda zvikuru Claire nekushandisa Hardware pano.Kana uri kushamisika, mufananidzo uri pamusoro unoratidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira kushanda uye zvisingabatsiri zvikamu, kunyanya iyo yakazara disassembled Microdrive unit iyuniti yakakundikana.Hatidi kukuvadza reverse computing hardware zvisina basa paHackaday.
Ndakashandisa Sinclair QL kwemakore anopfuura manomwe, uye ndinofanira kutaura kuti ma microdrive avo haana kusimba sekutaura kwevanhu.Ndinowanzoashandisa kuita basa rechikoro rechikoro, nezvimwewo, uye handimbopotsa chero magwaro.Asi zvechokwadi kune mimwe michina "yazvino" inovimbika zvakanyanya kupfuura yekutanga.
Nezve Interface I, zvinoshamisa mukugadzirwa kwemagetsi.Iyo serial port ingori nhanho adapta, uye iyo RS-232 protocol inoshandiswa nesoftware.Izvi zvinokonzeresa matambudziko pakugamuchira data, nekuti muchina unongove nenguva yekumira zvishoma kuita chero chaunoda kuita nedata.
Uye zvakare, kuverenga kubva patepi kunonakidza: iwe une IO port, asi kana iwe ukaverenga kubva pairi, interface ini ndichamisa processor kusvika yakazara byte yaverengwa kubva patepi (zvinoreva kuti kana ukakanganwa Vhura tepi mota. uye komputa icharembera).Izvi zvinobvumira kuwiriranisa kuri nyore kwe processor uye tepi, inodiwa nekuda kwekuwana yechipiri 16K memory block (yekutanga ine ROM, yechitatu neyechina ine yakawedzera ndangariro ye48K modhi), uye nekuda kweiyo microdrive buffer Izvo zvinoitika. kuva munzvimbo iyoyo, saka hazvibviri kushandisa chete zvishwe zvine nguva.Kana Sinclair akashandisa nzira yekuwana seiya inoshandiswa muInves Spectrum (inobvumira ese ari maviri edhidhiyo dunhu uye processor kuwana vhidhiyo RAM nekusachena, senge [muApple, saka iyo interface yedunhu inogona kunge iri nyore Zvakawanda.
Spectrum ine nguva yakawanda sezvinobvira yekugadzirisa mabhaiti akagamuchirwa, chero mudziyo kune rumwe rutivi unoshandisa hardware flow control (kune vamwe (vose?) motherboard "SuperIO" chips *kwete* mamiriro acho. kugadzirisa ndisati ndaziva izvi uye nekuchinja kune yekare prolific USB serial adapta, ndakashamisika kuti Just Worked yakashanda kekutanga)
Nezve RS232.Ndine 115k kukanganisa kururamisa uye 57k yakavimbika bit bumping pasina kukanganisa kururamisa protocol.Chakavanzika ndechekuramba uchigamuchira kusvika ku16 bytes mushure mekurasa iyo CTS.Iyo yekutanga ROM kodhi haina kuita izvi, uye haigone kutaurirana neiyo "yazvino" UART.
Wikipedia inoti 120 kbit/sec.Nezveiyo chaiyo protocol, ini handizive, asi ini ndinoziva inoshandisa stereo tepi musoro, uye diki chengetedzo "isina kurongeka".Handizivi kuti ndoitsanangura sei neChirungu… twumabhii turi murwiyo rumwe runotangira pakati pemabhiti mune imwe track.
Asi kutsvaga nekukurumidza ndakawana peji ino, uko mushandisi anobatanidza oscilloscope kune iyo data chiratidzo, uye inoita kunge FM modulation.Asi iyo QL uye haienderane neSpectrum.
Hongu, asi ndapota yeuka kuti chinongedzo chinotaura nezveSinclair QL microdrives: kunyangwe iwo akafanana panyama, anoshandisa mafomati asingaenderane, saka QL haigone kuverenga Spectrum fomati matepi, uye zvinopesana.
Bit aligned.Mabhayiti anopindirana pakati pe track 1 ne track 2. Iyo bi-phase encoding.A fm inowanzowanikwa pamakadhi echikwereti.Iyo interface inounganidzazve mabheti mune Hardware, uye komputa inoverenga chete mabheti.Yekutanga data chiyero ndeye 80kbps pa track kana 160kbps kune ese ari maviri.Kuita kwakafanana nemafloppy disks enguva iyoyo.
Handizive, asi pakanga paine zvinyorwa zvakati wandei nezverekodha yakazara panguva iyoyo.Kuti ushandise rekodha yekaseti iripo, toni dzekuteerera dzinodiwa.Asi kana iwe ukagadzirisa yakananga tepi musoro, unogona kuvadyisa zvakananga neDC simba uye batanidza zvakananga Schmitt trigger yekutamba.Saka inongodyisa serial chiratidzo che tepi musoro.Iwe unogona kuwana kukurumidza kumhanya usinganetseki nezve playback level.
Inonyatso shandiswa munyika ye "mainframe".Ndinogara ndichifunga kuti inoshandiswa mune mamwe madiki mapurogiramu emakombiyuta, akadai se "floppy disks", asi ini handizivi.
Ndine QL ine 2 micro-drives, chiri chokwadi, kanenge QL inovimbika kupfuura zvinotaurwa nevanhu.Ndine ZX Spectrum, asi hapana microdrives (kunyangwe ini ndichivada).Chinhu chazvino chandakawana ndechekuita kumwe kuchinjika-kusimudzira.Ini ndinoshandisa QL sechinyorwa chekunyora uye kutumira mafaera kuSpectrum iyo inounganidza mafaera kuburikidza ne serial (ndiri kunyora mutyairi weprinta yeZX Spectrum PCB Designer chirongwa, icho chinosimudzira uye Isa mapixels kune resolution ye216ppi kuti track irege kuita. kuoneka akashatirwa).
Ndinoda QL yangu uye software yayo yakasungwa, asi ndinofanira kuvenga microdrive yayo.Ini kazhinji ndinogashira "BAD OR CHANGED MEDIUM" zvikanganiso kana ndabva kubasa.Kushungurudza uye kusavimbika.
Ndakanyora pepa rangu resainzi yekombuta BSc pane yangu 128Kb QL.Quill inogona kuchengeta anenge mapeji mana chete.Handina kumbobvira ndaita chivindi chekufashukira gondohwe nekuti raizotanga kuzunguza micro drive uye kukanganisa kwaizobuda munguva pfupi.
Ndanga ndichinetseka pamusoro pekuvimbika kweMicrodrive zvekuti handikwanise kutsigira chikamu chega chega chekugadzirisa pamatepi maviri eMicrodrive.Nekudaro, mushure mekunyora kwezuva rose, ini netsaona ndakachengeta chitsauko changu chitsva pasi pezita rechitsauko chekare, nekudaro ndichinyora basa rangu nezuro.
"Ini ndinofunga zvakanaka, ini ndine backup!";Mushure mekuchinja tepi, ndakarangarira kuti basa ranhasi rinofanira kuchengetwa pabhavhadhe uye nyora pamusoro pebasa rezuva rapfuura munguva!
Ndichiri neQL yangu, rinenge gore rapfuura, ndakanyatso shandisa 30-35 yemakore mini drive cartridge kuti ndichengetedze nekuiisa.
Ndakashandisa iyo floppy drive ye ibm pc, iri adapta kuseri kweiyo spectrum, inokurumidza uye inonakidza.(zvienzanise nematepi masikati neusiku)
Izvi zvinondidzosa.Panguva iyoyo ndakabaya zvese.Zvakanditorera vhiki kuisa Elite paMicrodrive uye regai LensLok igare iri iyo basa AA.Elite loading time is 9 seconds.Akapedza inopfuura miniti paAmiga!Kunoraswa kwendangariro.Ndakashandisa muitiro wekukanganisa kutarisa int 31 (?) yeKempston joystick moto.LensLok inoshandisa zvinokanganisa kupinza kiibhodhi, saka ini ndinongoda kudzvanya kodhi kuti iite yakaremara.Elite akangosiya anenge mazana maviri mabhayiti asina kushandiswa.Pandakaichengeta ne *”m”,1, mepu yemumvuri yechiratidzo 1 yakamedza kukanganisa kwangu!Wow.36 makore apfuura.
Ndakabiridzira zvishoma… Ndine Discovery Opus 1 3.5-inch floppy disk paSpeccy yangu.Ndakaona kuti nekuda kwetsaona yaifadza pazuva rakapunzika Elite ichiri kurodha, ndinogona kuchengetedza Elite kune floppy disk… uye iri 128 vhezheni, isina kukiya lens!mhedzisiro!
Zvinonakidza kuti anenge makore makumi mana gare gare, iyo floppy disk yakafa uye tepi ichiripo :) PS: Ndinoshandisa tape raibhurari, imwe neimwe ine 18 madhiraivha, imwe neimwe drive inogona kupa 350 MB / s kumhanya;)
Ndinoda kuziva kana iwe ukaparadzanisa adapta yekaseti, unogona kushandisa musoro wemagineti kurodha data mukombuta kuburikidza neiyo microdrive?
Misoro yacho yakanyatsofanana, kana isina kufanana (asi "musoro wekuvhara" unofanirwa kubatanidzwa muchirongwa), asi tepi iri mu microdrive yakamanikana, saka iwe unofanirwa kuvaka dhairekitori nyowani.
"Vanhu vakapfuma chete ndivo vanokwanisa kutenga madhisiki."Pamwe kuUK, asi anenge munhu wese muUS anazvo.
Ndinorangarira mutengo wePlusD + dhisiki drive + simba adapta, muna 1990, yaive inenge 33.900 pesetas (inenge 203 euros).Nekukwira kwemitengo, iko zvino yava 433 Euros (512 USD).Izvi zvakangofanana nemutengo wekombuta yakazara.
Ndinoyeuka kuti muna 1984, mutengo weC64 waiva US $ 200, nepo mutengo we1541 waiva US $ 230 (chaizvoizvo wakakwirira kudarika kombiyuta, asi uchifunga kuti ine 6502 yayo, izvi hazvishamisi).Aya maviri pamwe neTV yakachipa achiri pasi pechikamu chechina chemutengo weApple II.Bhokisi re10 floppy disks rinotengeswa nemadhora gumi nemashanu, asi mutengo wakadzikira nekufamba kwemakore.
Ndisati ndaenda pamudyandigere, ndakashandisa yakanakisa dhizaini yekugadzira uye kugadzira kambani kuchamhembe kweCambridge (UK), iyo yakagadzira michina yese inoshandiswa kugadzira Microdrives cartridges.
Ini ndinofunga mukutanga 1980s, kushomeka kwechiteshi chakafanana chinowirirana necentronics chaive chisiri chinhu chikuru, uye serial maprinta aive achiri akajairika.Kunze kwaizvozvo, Sekuru Clive vanoda kukutengesera ZX FireHazard… zvakanaka printer.Iyo isingaperi hum uye kunhuhwirira kweozone sezvainodzika pasi pesilver-plated bepa.
Micro madhiraivha, luck rangu raive rakashata, ndaive ndizere neshuviro kwavari pavakabuda, asi hazvina kusvika makore mashoma gare gare ndipo pandakatanga kunhonga zvimwe zvinhu zvakachipa kubva kune zvakamboshandiswa, uye handina. kuwana chero hardware.Ndakapedzisira ndine 2 ports 1, 6 micro-drives, dzimwe ngoro dzakashandiswa zvisina kurongwa, uye bhokisi re30 brand new 3rd square carts, kana ndikakwanisa kugadzira chero ipi zvayo mu2 × 6 musanganiswa ndinogumbuka zvikuru pandinoshanda nzvimbo imwe.Kunyanya, ivo vanoita kunge vasina kuumbwa.Handina kumbofunga nezvazvo, kunyangwe ndikawana rubatsiro kubva kumapoka enhau pandakaenda online mukutanga 90s.Nekudaro, ikozvino sezvo ini ndine "chaiwo" makomputa, ini ndakawana serial ports kuti ishande, saka ndakachengeta zvinhu kwavari kuburikidza neasina null modem tambo uye ndakamhanyisa mamwe materminal mbeveve.
Pane akambonyora chirongwa che "pre-stretch" matepi nekuamhanyisa mulop asati aedza kuafomatidza?
Ini handina micro drive, asi ndinorangarira ndichiiverenga muZX Magazine (Spain).Pandakariverenga, zvakandishamisa!
Ndinoita sendinorangarira kuti printer ndeye electrostatic, kwete kupisa…Iye munhu wandakashanda mukugadzira yakamisikidzwa software mukupera kwema80s akabatanidza imwe yematepi madhiraivha muSpeccy uye akabatanidza EPROM programmer kuchiteshi chekuseri.Kutaura kuti uku kushandiswa zvisina maturo kunenge kuri kushoma.
Kana.Bepa racho rakaputirwa nesimbi yakatetepa, uye printer inokweva chinyoreso chesimbi.Iyo yakakwira voltage pulse inogadzirwa kuti ibvise simbi yekubatisa pese panodiwa mapikisi matema.
Pawaive mudiki, ZX interface 1 ine RS-232 interface yaiita kuti unzwe kunge "mambo wenyika".
Muchokwadi, Microdrives yakapfuura zvachose yangu (shoma) bhajeti.Ndisati ndasangana nemukomana uyu aitengesa mitambo yepirated LOL, hapana wandaiziva.Mukuona, ndinofanira kutenga Interface 1 uye mimwe mitambo yeROM.Kashoma kunge mazino ehuku.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-15-2021